China regulates installation of image-collection devices to protect privacy

(ECNS) — China’s State Council has issued new regulations aimed at curbing the unauthorized installation of image-collection devices in private spaces, emphasizing the dual goals of enhancing public safety and safeguarding personal privacy.

The regulations include 34 provisions that prohibit the installation of such devices in areas where privacy could be compromised, including homestays, dormitories, fitting rooms, and other spaces where individuals might be photographed, monitored, or recorded without their consent.

Additionally, installing surveillance equipment near restricted military areas or government agencies will require prior approval from relevant authorities.

Only entities with legal obligations—such as public security departments or property managers — are allowed to install surveillance devices in public areas. Private installations in non-public spaces must not infringe on public safety or violate individual rights.

To prevent misuse, the regulations require that video and image data be deleted once the retention period expires or when the data’s intended purpose, such as crime prevention, has been fulfilled.

Public dissemination of such information is prohibited unless personal or organizational identities are anonymized.

Unauthorized installations, illegal data sharing, or privacy breaches will result in the confiscation of equipment, deletion of data, and fines. Serious violations — including espionage, theft of military secrets, or covert surveillance—could lead to criminal charges.

Businesses that fail to comply may face fines, operational suspensions, or license revocations. Public security agencies will also be subject to internal oversight to prevent abuse of power. 

The regulations, set to take effect on April 1, are part of China’s broader efforts to strengthen governance in emerging technological sectors.